Copper funerary mask

The spectacular development of copper metallurgy is one of the most outstanding facets of Mochica society. Many of its characteristics are reflected in the mask shown here, especially the preference for mechanical manufacture, avoiding casting and welding as much as possible. The form and relief are achieved by beating the copper sheet with small stone hammers over molds (embossing and inlaying) and with the use of a chisel. The details (eyes and ear spools) were applied and secured by pins. Originally the mask had a headdress of which only traces of the ties remain at the top of the forehead. Pieces like this one were found in funerary chambers of the Mochica elite, such as Loma Negra and other sites in Sipán. In a ceremonial vessel of the same period, an unknown artist painted in fine lines the figures of masked men and women attired in long tunics dancing at the foot of a pyramid, while at the top there are warriors starting the dance with a rope. It is not clear whether these figures represent the dead rising from their graves, or if they represent people celebrating the cult of ancestors. (KM)