Crew Earth Observations (CEO) taken during Expedition 8

ISS008-E-19236 (25 March 2004) --- This image featuring the Betsiboka estuary on the northwest coast of Madagascar was taken by an Expedition 8 crewmember on the International Space Station (ISS). The Betsiboka estuary is the mouth of Madagascar�s largest river and one of the world�s fast-changing coastlines. Nearly a century of extensive logging of Madagascar�s rainforests and coastal mangroves has resulted in nearly complete clearing of the land and fantastic rates of erosion. After every heavy rain, the bright red soils are washed from the hillsides into the streams and rivers to the coast. Astronauts describe their view of Madagascar as �bleeding into the ocean�. One impact of the extensive 20th century erosion is the filling and clogging of coastal waterways with sediment � a process that is well illustrated in the Betsiboka estuary. In fact, ocean-going ships were once able to travel up the Betsiboka estuary, but must now berth at the coast.