This painting depicts one of the many events surrounding Alexander the Great's defeat of the Persian Emperor Darius in 330 B.C., which was one of the most popular narratives in 18th-century art. Following his victory, Alexander imprisoned Darius's mother and wife. When Alexander visited them along with his companion, Hephaestion, the women mistook the latter for Alexander. Hephaestion gestures toward Alexander, attempting to end the confusion.