Head of a Ram Pendant

This ram's-head pendant, which was created using the lost-wax brass casting technique widely practiced in Africa for centuries, displays a remarkable degree of intricate, sophisticated surface design. The ram, an animal with a reputation for aggression and bravery, is an important symbol of courage, military prowess and leadership throughout southern Nigeria. The pendant is attributed to Owo, a Yoruba kingdom historically linked to the Edo kingdom of Benin. In Owo, royal pendants are worn in pairs, in front and in back, over the scalloped red orufanran costume worn by Owo kings and certain titled military chiefs.