Basu Roy Chowdhury was born in Ulpur, East Bengal (now Bangladesh) and graduated from the Government College of Art and Craft, Kolkata, in 1956. He spent most of his professional life at Kala Bhavana, Visva Bharati at Santiniketan.
He was Influenced by Indian sculptors like Prodosh Dasgupta as well as Western greats like Rodin. Roy Chowdhury's figures included a lot of Indian musicians, including Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Allauddin Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Mallikarjun Mansur, Siddheswari Devi, etc.
His works, while pictorial, are also largely abstract in their style. He travelled to the Accademia di Belle Arti, Florence, in 1962, where he met Giacometti and Henry Moore in person, who had an undeniable impact on his style. His sculptures feature a unique mix of the academic realism of the East and the more innovative cubism and abstraction of the West.