A page from "square one" of the city's rebuilding process: the first step was to clear the rubble. At the same time, the inhabitants of the ruins often found themselves billeted in what were ironically known as "open-air apartments." The apartments' missing walls were just another feature of the real conditions in which people were living. Almost half the city's residents literally had no roof over their head. And this "Wimmelbild" – a "teeming picture," elaborately detailed and drawn in a style reminiscent of comics – is indicative of Friedrich Neubauer's optimism, which was able to find something cheerful in the face of every adversity.