Carl Friedrich von Ledebour was a German-Estonian botanist.
Between 1811 and 1836, he was professor of science in the University of Tartu, Estonia.
His most important works were Flora Altaica, the first Flora of the Altay Mountains, published in 1833, and Flora Rossica, published in four volumes between 1841–1853, the first complete flora of the Russian Empire.
New species he described for the first time in the Flora Altaica include Malus sieversii, the wild ancestor of the apple, and the Siberian Larch.
The plant genera Ledebouria and Ledebouriella are named in his honor.