Gustav von Paykull was a Swedish friherre and Marshal of the Court, ornithologist and entomologist.
He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy from 1791 and a founder of the natural history museum in Stockholm, through his 1819 donation of his extensive zoological collections to the academy. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1801 and a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1804.