Édouard-Pierre-Marguerite Timbal-Lagrave was a French pharmacist and botanist. He specialized in the flora of southwestern France, including the Pyrénées and Corbières Massif.
He studied chemistry and pharmacy in Toulouse and Montpellier, subsequently obtaining the degree of pharmacist 1rst class. During his career he worked as a pharmacist in Toulouse and served as a substitute professor at the local École de médecine et de pharmacie. In 1854 he became a member of the Société botanique de France.
In 1871 the plant genus Timbalia was named in his honor by Dominique Clos. Reportedly, many of the plants that he described were based on minor local differences, and as such, were later reduced to intraspecific rankings. His herbarium, as well as specimens collected by his son Albert Timbal-Lagrave, is housed at the Jardin botanique Henri Gaussen in Toulouse.