10th-century Surgeon Al-Zahrawi performing surgery

Surgery was one of the key fields developed during the Golden Age of Muslim civilisation. In 10th-century Spain, called Al-Andalus then, a surgeon called Al-Zahrawi (936 - 1013), known in the West as Abulcasis, used many of the instruments we still know today, writing up his findings on surgery in the 30th volume of his massive medical encyclopaedia, 'Al-Tasrif', or 'The Method of Medicine'.