Ludwig van Beethoven had a close bond with Archduke Rudolf of Austria, one of the sons of Emperor Leopold. Beethoven gave the nobleman lessons in composition - and the Archduke graciously overlooked the lack of manners at court.
This "Farewell Sonata", which Beethoven composed when the Archduke had to flee from Napoleon in Vienna, is dedicated to him. On his return, Beethoven presented him with this score and the handwritten dedication.