Conservation of the Ruins of the 9th‐Century City of Kilwa Kisiwani

The 9th-century Swahili stone town of Kilwa Kisiwani and nearby Songo Mnara were ancient port cities on the Indian Ocean. Spread across two islands and representing more than 800 years of East African history, the ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara are deteriorating due to coastal erosion and unregulated development. This AFCP project involved emergency stabilization and other measures to address the physical and development threats to this World Heritage Site.