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Notes taken from Moses Maimonides' Sefer Avodah

Isaac Newton1680/1690

The National Library of Israel

The National Library of Israel
Jerusalem, Israel

The first of a series of folios of notes taken from the Medieval Jewish philosopher and theologian Moses Maimonides, this folio is headed "Ex Maimonide lib. de Cultu divino" [Out of Maimonides' Book of Divine Service]. Newton owned Ludovici de Compiegne de Veil's De cultu divino (Paris, 1678) and it is from this translation of Maimonides' Sefer Avodah [ Book of Divine Service] that Newton took these notes. The Sefer Avodah was of interest to Newton due to its extensive treatment of the Temple and its ritual.
Newton owned other Latin translations from Maimonides' halachic works (the Mishne Torah) that together represent the Sefer Korbanot [Book of Sacrifices], the Hilchot Ovde Kochavim [Laws of Idolatry], the Hilchot Kiddush Ha-Hodesh [Law of the Sanctification of the New Month] and the Hilchot Shemittah Ve-Yovel [Laws of Sabbaticals and Jubilees]. Newton also owned a copy of Edward Pococke's Porta Mosis (1654-1655), which included translations from Maimonides's commentary on the Mishnah. On the other hand, Newton did not own a copy of Maimonides' Moreh Nevuchim [Guide to the Perplexed]. The evidence of Newton's library and his reading notes suggests that he was more interested in Jewish writings on Jewish law and the ritual than Jewish philosophy.
Newton owned many works by Christian Hebraists that treat Jewish law and ritual. He also owned works that discussed the Kabbalah, although Newton was not as positively disposed toward the Kabbalah as he was towards other aspects of Judaic thought (nevertheless, it is possible that some of Newton's views on space and time owe something to Kabbalistic thought). While he was not known as such in his own lifetime, Newton's manuscripts show him to have been one of the most significant Christian Hebraists of his age.

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