Some of Chicago棄__棄__棄__棄__棄__棄__棄__棄___s first orphanages were built during the 1850棄__棄__棄__棄__棄__棄__棄__棄___s in response to the impact disease, poverty, and desertion had on children. By 1890 the city was home to twelve Roman Catholic and Protestant orphanages which typically cared for children from financially troubled, single-parent homes. Here, children were often forced to live in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions; these conditions yielded criticism from progressive reformers like Jane Addams and Louise de Koven Bowen who called for a systematic effort to keep children at home.