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Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu was born in Trabzon in 1911 and completed his secondary education in the same city, where he was taught art by the painter Zeki Kocamemi. With Kocamemi's support he enrolled at Istanbul Academy of Fine Arts in 1929, and there studied under Nazmi Ziya Güran and İbrahim Çallı. In 1932 he went to Paris and spent a year studying at the studio of Andre Lhote (1885-1962). He then returned to Turkey and in 1934 joined the D Group and participated in an exhibition by the group. He won first prize at the first State Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture held in 1939, and went on to win second prize at the fourth exhibition, and first prize at the 33rd exhibition. He won a gold medal at the Sao Paulo Biennale.

The D Group was founded in 1933 by six friends, five of them painters and one a sculptor (Nurullah Cemal Berk, Zeki Faik İzer, Elif Naci, Cemal Tollu, Abidin Dino and Zühtü Müridoğlu). Subsequently the group was joined by Turgut Zaim, Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu, Eren Eyüboğlu, Eşref Üren, Arif Kaptan, Halil Dikmen, Sabri Berkel, Salih Urallı, Hakkı Anlı, Fahrünnisa Zeid, Nusret Suman and Zeki Kocamemi. The group remained active until 1951, representing the generation of young artists of the period and played an influential role in the visual arts. The name D Group was chosen because the letter 'd' is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet and this was the fourth group of artists to be established in Turkey. Most of the group's members had studied in Paris and were influenced by the artists under whom they worked there. Upon their return home they opposed the impressionist style of the 1914 Generation, instead adopting a cubist, structuralist style, fragmenting the elements of their paintings to create more solid and sharply defined forms. This group argued that the art of a westernizing country had to be 'new'.