Portrait of Master Seosan

Master Seosan Hyujeong (1520–1604) was a famous Seon (Zen) Buddhist monk, who taught the importance of meditation and the unity of three major teachings: Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. When Japan invaded Korea in 1592, Hyujeong rallied Buddhist monks to fight against the invading forces. For his valor, he was awarded the prestigious title “the most eminent Seon teacher in the nation, the sole commander of the Seon Buddhist forces, the Venerable Deunggye.” The penetrating eyes and tightly closed mouth of an otherwise gentle face reflect the strong personality that enabled Hyujeong to assume a position of leadership among Buddhist monks both as a teacher and a commander during the period of national crisis. Important stylistic features of early Joseon-dynasty portrait painting seen here include fluid, even brushstrokes (without shading) for the face; long, steady brushstrokes (without flourishes) for the robe; and an unpainted area that defines the background.