Schema of the sun

This is figure 64 of the first volume of the third edition of Athanasius Kircher's Mundus Subterraneus, describing the composition of the sun, postulating that the surface is composed of many erupting volcanoes. The Jesuit Athanasius Kircher travelled to the Mediterranean in the 1630s, experiencing an earthquake and viewing Stromboli and Etna. He explored the crater of Vesuvius and his experiences fed into his great book of natural philosophy: Mundus Subterraneus first published in 1665.