Sir James Service (1823–1899) was born in Scotland and immigrated to Victoria in 1853 as a representative of Corbett & Co, a tea and coffee business. In around 1855, he founded the business of James Service and Company, importers and wholesale merchants.
In 1857 Service was elected to represent Melbourne in the legislative assembly. At the election held early in 1880, he formed his first administration, taking the positions of premier and treasurer. In June 1883, Service raised the question of federation, and he supported Sir Thomas McIlwraith's desire to annexe New Guinea. Service's health compelled him to retire from the ministry in 1886 and he died on 13 April 1899.