The geographic map of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza in detail

Ottavio Farnese's coat of arms overhangs the land of his dukedom in order to show full possession and control on it (we are, by then, in 1575), together with the inscription "Bonorum imperium placidissimum", chosen presumably by Stefano Cattaneo to praize Farnese's rule. The map is oriented with the south upwards. Parma and the villages are drawn in perspective, as it was usual in those times: in the city one casn clearly distinguish the high Town Municipality Tower, collapsed in 1603.