Wilcannia is a small town located within the Central Darling Shire in north western New South Wales, Australia. Located on the Darling River, the town was the third largest inland port in the country during the river boat era of the mid-19th century. At the 2016 census, Wilcannia had a population of 745.
Predominantly populated by Aboriginal Australians, Wilcannia has received national and international attention for the low life expectancy of its residents. Residents have reported that water quality in Wilcannia is unsafe, leading locals to rely on boxed water transported from Broken Hill, nearly 200 kilometres away.