Brasilia: concrete poetry in (re)verse

The city represented in literature and on banknotes, coins, and medals.

Just as a poem emerges from the page, the vastness of the Cerrado savanna was a blank page when Brasilia was designed and built. Even before construction work started, poets were already looking to the city for their inspiration, whether it was Carlos Drummond on Lúcio Costa's plans or Joaquim Cardozo on the curves pictured by Niemeyer. And nothing has changed since. There are still many poets who sing the praises of this innovative, beautiful city. A visual beauty that we also find reproduced on banknotes, coins, and medals.

Money is a country's business card, with its national symbols, its historical figures, and its cultural and natural heritage on prominent display. As tools used for bartering, banknotes and coins build a collective narrative, just like language. As they both represent the real on the symbolic plane, there are points where the worlds of money and poetry draw closer, touch, and overlap. Just like the axes that gave rise to Brasilia.

50 Cruzeiro coin (reverse), From the collection of: Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil
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5 reais commemorative coin (obverse), From the collection of: Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil
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Brasilia was born at an intersection, from two lines crossing. Two lines crossing, two directions, four compass points, four bearings; two lines crossing: a shake of the hand, a sign of peace, of understanding, of friendliness between people.

Joaquim Cardozo

Medal commemorating the inauguration of Palácio da Alvorada (obverse)Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil

How was Brasilia born? The answer is simple. Like all great initiatives, it arose from almost nothing.

Juscelino Kubitschek

Medal commemorating the inauguration of Palácio da Alvorada (reverse)Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil

Here, the treeless horizons
fwill make what the stillness on porches,
by extending the spaciousness of man's time
cluttered times, without whens.

João Cabral de Melo Neto

The big city was just beginning to be built, in a semi-wilderness, on the plateau: the magical sameness, the thin air.

João Guimarães Rosa

Medal commemorating Lúcio Costa's 100th birthday (obverse)Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil

For me, it was an historic day when Lúcio [Costa] showed up, as discreet as always, and put a piece of paper onto my desk. It was covered in rushed scribblings, just words and an outline drawing that seemed to mean very little. I picked up the paper and I was holding in my hands nothing less than the city of Brasilia, nonexistent yet complete (...)

Medal commemorating Lúcio Costa's 100th birthday (reverse)Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil

The first idea for a city, so different from every other city that had been envisioned until then, was set out there, in the rough outline of a cross (or an airplane), rooted in the earth or taking off in flight. Lúcio's pilot plan didn't mean much for a layman who was used to seeing physical cities rather than lines on a piece of paper (...).

Carlos Drummond de Andrade

(...) A seed
That is planted in clear weather,
In the evening ground will be lost,
Now it is born, finally rising
Orderly in iron and stone.


Joaquim Cardozo

Medal commemorating the inauguration of Brasília (obverse), From the collection of: Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil
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Banco Pioneiro de Brasília souvenir (reverse), From the collection of: Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil
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nto the hard concrete, of steel and concrete,
Brasilia is grafted and kept alive,
that porous almost fleshy masonry
of the fazenda house in old Brazil.


João Cabral de Melo Neto

2 reais commemorative coin (reverse)Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil

Hail, intrepid capital, reminding the world that monuments are there to serve the spirit!

André Malraux

5 reais commemorative coin (reverse)Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil

Mansion. Castle. Cathedral.
Marble tomorrow soaring
Votive arboreal ascension
Girding the immortal city.

Joaquim Cardozo

We have the eighth wonder
"Brasilia, capital of hope”.

Capitão Furtado

Medal commemorating the installation of the Three Powers in Brasília (obverse), From the collection of: Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil
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Presidents Series Medal - President Juscelino Kubitschek (reverse), From the collection of: Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil
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The moon's craters are there, in Brasilia. Brasilia's beauty lies in its invisible statues.

Clarice Lispector

100 cruzeiros banknote (reverse)Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil

Whenever I drove to Brasilia, I'd get distracted by the clouds in the sky. They suggest so many unexpected things!

Oscar Niemeyer

Nothing compares to the spotless blue
Of the sky in the Brazilian Highlands
And the immense, open horizon
Hinting at a thousand directions

Fernando Brant

Unlike the cities that are shaped and adapted to the landscape, here, in the bleak savanna set against an immense sky, just like out on the open ocean, the city created the landscape

Lucio Costa

100,000 cruzeiros banknote (reverse)Museu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil

What sets Brasilia apart
Is its art, its beauty, and its architecture


Yes, Brasilia.
I admired the time
that already covers years
your flawless mathematics.

Paulo Leminski

(...) simple, quiet men, grounded men, with their leathery faces and stony hands, who started arriving, on foot, on ox carts, on donkeys, on trucks, and by any other imaginable means, from all four corners of this huge land (...).

Vinícius de Moraes

I'd never seen anything like it anywhere in the world. I'd never seen anything like it anywhere in the world.

Clarice Lispector

Selos alusivos aos 40 anos do Museu de Valores (2012) by CorreiosMuseu de Valores do Banco Central do Brasil

He was amazed by the city
Coming out of the bus station, he saw the Christmas lights

My God, what a beautiful city

Renato Russo

You lie far from the sea, but you lie close
to the sky, to a clear sky that must always be open
to our sorrows and to our songs, to the wind.
That tomorrow's man can have a sense,
of loving your beautiful landscapes,
and can, through his courage, be worthy of them.
City that broke free from the waves and the shores
to get close to the stars.


Osvaldo Orico

Tribute to Joaquim Cardozo

Joaquim Cardozo, the engineer-cum-poet who enabled Oscar Niemeyer's innovative concepts to be built.

Credits: Story

Bibliographic references
ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. Chronicle published in the Jornal do Brasil newspaper, March 3, 1982.
BRANT, Fernando. Céu de Brasília. 1980.
CARDOZO, Joaquim. Arquitetura Nascente & Permanente. 1960.
CARDOZO, Joaquim. Urbanismo e Arquitetura. 1957.
COSTA, Lucio. O Urbanista Defende sua Cidade. 1995.
COSTA, Lucio. Relatório do Plano Piloto de Brasília (Brasilia Pilot Plan Report). 1957.
FURTADO, Capitão. Brasília, Capital da Esperança. 1960.
KUBITSCHEK, Juscelino. Por Que Construí Brasília (Why I Built Brasilia). 1975.
LEMINSKI, Paulo. Claro Calar sobre uma Cidades sem Ruínas. 1995.
LISPECTOR, Clarice. Nos Primeiros Começos de Brasília (Creating Brasilia). 1970.
MALRAUX, André. Palavras no Brasil - August 1959. 1998.
MELO NETO, João Cabral de. Mesma Mineira em Brasília. 1966.
MORAES, Vinicius de. Sinfonia da Alvorada. 1961.
NIEMEYER, Oscar. As Curvas do Tempo (Curves of Time). 1998.
OLIVEIRA, Silas de. Aquarela Brasileira. 1964.
ORICO, Osvaldo. Cidade do Planalto. 1923.
ROSA, João Guimarães. As Margens da Alegria (Margins of Joy). 1962.
RUSSO, Renato. Faroeste Caboclo. 1987.

Video references
ED.: 32° Minuto da Memória Candanga - Joaquim Cardozo. 2017. Federal District Public Archives Documentary, 4'34''. Available here. Accessed on: Feb 12, 2021.
LEARN about the engineer-cum-poet who enabled Oscar Niemeyer's ideas to be built. 2020. São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Research: Documentary, 7'37''. Available here. Accessed on: Feb 12, 2021.

Credits
Images: numismatic archive at the Central Bank of Brazil's Museum of Money
Exhibition design and text research: Elaine Cristina Kimura and Edgar Charles Yang
Video research: Karla Santos de Sá Valente and Denir Mendes Miranda
Content selection and exhibition assembly: Edgar Charles Yang
Data handling: Lauro Koichi Yamamoto
Introductory text: Denir Mendes MirandaImplementation: Central Bank of Brazil | Department for Financial Citizenship Promotion - (Depef) | Museum of Money Division

Credits: All media
The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.
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