Ceramics, a vibrant local know-how

The clay soils of the Gard region have historically favored the establishment of potteries in Nîmes and its surroundings.   But, due to their inadequacy for industrial organization and changes in the tastes and lifestyles of the clientele, the workshops closed down at the end of the 19th century. 

The collection of glazed earthenware was collected between 1923 and 1930 by Henry Bauquier, the museum's founder and first curator.  The pieces entered the museum collections as part of a series of daily life objects donated by individuals or local artisans.

Three techniques are used to make pottery: modeling, hand throwing, and molding. The pieces are then dried and fired. The varnish helps to seal the objects and satisfy a high demand for tableware and storage.

Originally from Turkey, the import of this pottery in the 19th century may have stemmed from an interest in raki, a grape brandy flavored with anise, sold in these glazed jars.  Made in France, it was used by farmers to keep their drinks fresh.

Equipped with a spoon or a ball that was placed in the mouth to tighten the skin and facilitate shaving, the beard plate was positioned under the chin to shave off the men's beard.  In the past, it was not unusual for wealthy men to be shaved in public.

This glazed pottery was once used to transport olive oil on the sides of donkeys.  In the 15th century, the monks of the Mendicant Order went from one house to the next to collect olive oil and redistribute it to the poor. Each household gave according to their conscience.

In the Cevennes region, in the South of France, the town of Anduze has been producing vases since the 18th century.  In the 19th century, this type of garden vase enjoyed tremendous success, and adorned parks and orange groves in France and abroad. 

This cornucopia was made by the Pichon based in Uzès, in the South of France. The Pichon factory is one of the few remaining 19th century fine pottery companies. The fine earthenware, or creamware, gained recognition throughout Europe and France in the 19th century.

The Pichon factory produces woven clay baskets reminiscent of the traditional wickerwork. They were sometimes decorated with tiny clay flowers. All the pieces are then dried, covered with engobe, a fine clay coating, and undergo a first firing at 2,000° F (1,100° C), called bisque firing.