What is Flameworking?

Explore the artwork and meet the artists who work at the torch

FlameworkingPittsburgh Glass Center

According to the Corning Museum of Glass,

Flameworking is the technique of forming objects from rods and tubes of glass that, when heated in a flame, become soft and can be manipulated into the desired shape.

FlameworkingPittsburgh Glass Center

Lampworking

In earlier eras, the source of the flame was an oil or paraffin lamp used in conjunction with foot-powered bellows which is why this technique is sometimes called lampworking; today, gas-fueled torches are used.

BeadmakingPittsburgh Glass Center

Flameworking techniques include:

Beadmaking, marblemaking, networking, and more. This is an example of beadmaking.

NetworkingPittsburgh Glass Center

Networking

This specialized technique allows you to easily make complex pieces that would be impossible by any other means simply by bending and welding small diameter rods together.

Flameworking, From the collection of: Pittsburgh Glass Center
,
Eun Suh Choi, Eun Suh Choi, From the collection of: Pittsburgh Glass Center
Show lessRead more

As a public access education center, the Pittsburgh Glass Center teaches all types of studio glass techniques including flameworking.

Flame ShopPittsburgh Glass Center

The flame shop at PGC

Equipped with 12 workstations

Flame ShopPittsburgh Glass Center

Nortel major and minor torches

The torches mix gas and oxygen to make a flame that reaches at least 3,000 degrees.

Flame ShopPittsburgh Glass Center

Benchtop annealing kilns

Kilns slowly cool and anneal glass after it has been worked and shaped by an artist. If glass is not cooled properly, it can shatter or crack due to thermal stress.

Flame ShopPittsburgh Glass Center

Ventilation hoods overhead

Proper ventilation is important to keep fresh air circulating. Plus, natural light floods the studio.

Flameworking ToolsPittsburgh Glass Center

Glassworking tools

Artists use tools such as tweezers, graphite paddles, reamers, rods and molds.

Flameworking ToolsPittsburgh Glass Center

These tools are essential in the creative process!

The working temperature of glass in the flame shop is over 2,200 degrees, much too hot to touch with your bare hands!

FlameworkingPittsburgh Glass Center

Flameworkers use two main types of glass:

Soda lime glass and Borosilicate glass.

Mauro Vianello by Mauro VianelloPittsburgh Glass Center

Soda-Lime Glass

Soda lime is referred to as “soft glass” It is made from silica, soda, and calcium. Soda lime glass melts at a much lower temperature than Borosilicate glass and is more fluid when it's hot.  Artists often use a soda lime glass called Moretti. Created in Murano, Italy, Moretti is known for its bright, beautiful palate.  

Mauro Vianello by Mauro VianelloPittsburgh Glass Center

Soda-Lime Glass

Sode lime glass accounts for about 90% of the world’s manufactured glass.

Janis Miltenberger by Janis MiltenbergerPittsburgh Glass Center

Borosilicate Glass

Borosilicate (often referred to as “boro”) is what glass artists refer to as “hard glass.”  It is made from silica and boron, melts at a higher temperature than “soft glass” and is easier to manipulate because it is less susceptible to sudden temperature changes.

Eun Suh Choi by Eun Suh ChoiPittsburgh Glass Center

Borosilicate Glass

Pyrex, a popular kitchenware brand, is an example of Borosilicate glass, which is resistant to temperature changes allowing the glassware go from the freezer to the oven without cracking or shattering.

Eun Suh Choi by Eun Suh ChoiPittsburgh Glass Center

The Glass Center has hosted many acclaimed artists.

Eun Suh Choi's work specifically focuses on communicating the graceful flow of our emotional tendencies through flameworked glass. 

Tim Drier by Tim DrierPittsburgh Glass Center

Tim Drier

Drier has been a glassblower for over 25 years, and applies his scientific glassblowing expertise to artistic flameworking. His focus is applying scientific glass techniques to bar glassware while attempting to inspire, teach and have a little fun. Learn More

Robert Mickelsen by Robert MickelsenPittsburgh Glass Center

Robert Mickelsen

A master lampworker and excellent instructor. For Mickelsen, knowledge is infinite and life is for learning. Learn More

Janis Miltenberger by Janis MiltenbergerPittsburgh Glass Center

Janis Miltenberger

Miltenberger is a fan of stories, fables, parables, allegory, and soliloquy. She says," I appreciate the quest, the subtle roles and meaning within the story." Learn More

Mauro Vianello by Mauro VianelloPittsburgh Glass Center

Mauro Vianello

Vianello is a glass artisan, specializing in the creation of sea creatures. He says, "Living in Venice has made it really easy for me to fall in love with the marine world." Learn More

Christopher McElroy by Christopher McElroyPittsburgh Glass Center

Christopher McElroy

McElroy creates sculptural forms, actions, environments, video, and photographs that negotiate ideas of civilization and wilderness. Learn More

Roger Parramore by Roger ParramorePittsburgh Glass Center

Roger Parramore

Growing out of his experiences in the worlds of chemistry and physics, Parramore is not only fascinated with the glassblowing process, but also glass as a material. Learn More

Jill Reynolds by Jill ReynoldsPittsburgh Glass Center

Jill Reynolds

Reynolds, an award-winning visual artist known for her innovative use of flameworked glass. Learn More

Corina Tettinger by Corina TettingerPittsburgh Glass Center

Corina Tettinger

Tettinger is a well-known beadmaker and author of "Passing the Flame: A Beadmakers Guide to Detail and Design." Learn More

FlameworkingPittsburgh Glass Center

Critical to scientific discoveries

Scientific glassblowing is a specialty field for flameworkers used in industry, research, design, and science. It has been used in Galileo’s thermometers, Thomas Edison’s light bulbs, and early radios, TVs, and computers. Today, the field has helped advance fiber optics, lasers, and atomic and subatomic particle research.

Credits: Story

Photographer: Nathan J. Shaulis

Credits: All media
The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.
Explore more
Related theme
Pittsburgh: Proud and Powerful
From manufacturing might to creative powerhouse
View theme

Interested in Crafts?

Get updates with your personalized Culture Weekly

You are all set!

Your first Culture Weekly will arrive this week.

Home
Discover
Play
Nearby
Favorites