Discovery: Champion of the Space Shuttle Fleet

By Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

Flying more missions than any other shuttle, Discovery carried out every type of mission NASA had to offer, spending a total of 365 days in space, and checking off many firsts in spaceflight.

Space Shuttle DiscoverySmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

Discovery has earned a place of honor in the collection of national treasures preserved by the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum.

Space Shuttle STS-41D Launch (1984) by NASASmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

The longest-serving orbiter, Discovery flew 39 times from 1984 through 2011 — more missions than any of its sister ships — spending altogether 365 days in space.

Image: Discovery's maiden launch in 1984 from the Kennedy Space Center.

Discovery Launches on Final Flight STS-133 by NASASmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

Discovery also flew every type of mission during the space shuttle era and has a record of distinctions, representing the full scope of human spaceflight from 1981-2011.

Image: Discovery's final liftoff (STS-133) in 2011, delivering new sections of the International Space Station.

Mir Cosmonaut views Discovery by NASASmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

Discovery made the first shuttle visit to the Russian Mir space station (a rendezvous without docking) in February of 1995.

Image: A Mir Cosmonaut views Discovery on February 6, 1995.

Space Shuttle Discovery (1998-06-03) by NASASmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

Discovery also made the final docking visit to Mir on June 3, 1998.

Image: The Space Shuttle Discovery approaches Russia's Mir space station in this photograph taken from the Mir.

Deployment of Hubble Space Telescope by NASASmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

Discovery deployed the extraordinary Hubble Space Telescope in 1990. Hubble is the only telescope designed to be serviced in space.

Image: Hubble Space Telescope being deployed on April 25, 1990, from the payload bay of Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-31).

Discovery astronaut servicing the Hubble Space Telescope (1997-02-21) by NASASmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

Discovery returned in both 1997 and 1999 to service Hubble.

Image: The installation of new instruments in 1997 extended Hubble's wavelength range into the near infrared for imaging and spectroscopy, allowing us to probe the most distant reaches of the universe.

Button, "SPACE MANufacturer", McDonnell Douglas Button, "SPACE MANufacturer", McDonnell Douglas, From the collection of: Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum
Show lessRead more

Charles Walker, a McDonnell Douglas engineer, became the first non-astronaut to fly on a shuttle when he joined the Discovery crew as a payload specialist on its first flight.

Senator Jake Garn and the crew of STS-51D, NASA, From the collection of: Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum
Show lessRead more

A few dignitaries flew shuttle missions. The crew of STS-51D included Senator Jake Garn, seen on the far left.

Image: From left to right are Jake Garn, Jeff Hoffman, Don Williams, Rhea Seddon, Karol “Bo” Bobko, Dave Griggs, and Charlie Walker.

John Glenn shooting photos on Discovery Mission STS-95, NASA, 1998-10-31, From the collection of: Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum
Show lessRead more

In 1998, then U.S. Senator John H. Glenn, Jr., the first American to orbit the Earth, became the oldest person to go into space at age 77.

Image: STS-95 Payload Specialist John Glenn positions himself to take photos from Discovery's aft flight deck windows.

Return to Flight Launch of Discovery by NASASmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

After both the Challenger and Columbia tragedies, Discovery served as the Shuttle Program's Return-to-Flight vehicle in 1988 and 2005.

Image: Return-to-Flight launch of the Space Shuttle Discovery on September 29, 1988.

STS-33, NASA, From the collection of: Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum
Show lessRead more

The first African American Shuttle Commander, Frederick Gregory, commanded Discovery during STS-33 in 1989.

Image: The astronauts of STS-33. Photographed from left to right are Kathryn C. Thornton, mission specialist 3; Manley L. (Sonny) Carter, mission specialist 2; Frederick D. Gregory, commander; John E. Blaha, pilot; and F. Story Musgrave, mission specialist 1.

Astronaut Ellen Ochoa STS-96 mission specialist, NASA, From the collection of: Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum
Show lessRead more

On April 8, 1993, astronaut Ellen Ochoa became the first Hispanic woman in space as a crewmember on the STS-56 Discovery. She flew aboard the shuttle four times, and spent over 1,000 hours in space.

Image: Astronaut Ellen Ochoa, STS-96 mission specialist, in the SpaceHab module aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Discovery, 1999.

Bernard Harris and Michael Foale prepare to leave airlock, NASA, From the collection of: Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum
Show lessRead more

In 1995, Dr. Bernard A. Harris, Jr. suited up and stepped out of Discovery to become the first African American to walk in space.

Image: STS-63 astronauts Bernard A. Harris, Jr., payload commander (right), and C. Michael Foale, mission specialist (left), are ready to exit Discovery's airlock for a spacewalk.

Eileen Collins, Annie Leibovitz, NASA, 1999, From the collection of: Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum
Show lessRead more

Discovery was piloted by the first female spacecraft pilot, Eileen Collins, in 1995.

Image: Annie Leibovitz took this photo of Eileen Collins at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, during training.

International Space Station seen from Space Shuttle Discovery (1999-06-03) by NASASmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

Discovery made the first ever docking with the International Space Station in 1999.

Image: A STS-96 crew member aboard Discovery took this image of the International Space Station.

Space Shuttle Discovery by NASASmithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

Discovery flew the 100th overall shuttle mission in 2000, one of a number of flights involved in the construction of the International Space Station.

Image: Space Shuttle Discovery stands ready for launch of mission STS-92, the fifth flight for construction of the International Space Station.

Tap to explore

The Space Shuttle Discovery was integral to the construction and servicing of the International Space Station, making it's first of 13 visits during a docking mission in 1999, and marking its final flight in 2011.

Image: To tour the ISS, move your pointer until you see an arrow.

Credits: All media
The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.
Explore more
Related theme
Space Shuttle Discovery
Explore an icon of the shuttle era
View theme

Interested in Science?

Get updates with your personalized Culture Weekly

You are all set!

Your first Culture Weekly will arrive this week.

Home
Discover
Play
Nearby
Favorites