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Northern England
The Pankhurst family from Manchester are probably the best known British suffrage campaigners. But they weren't the only northerners demanding "Votes For Women!" Suffrage campaigners across Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, Manchester and Liverpool joined the movement, campaigning locally and across the UK.
Emmeline, Christabel, Sylvia and Adela Pankhurst by Charlotte TrounceOriginal Source: Mayor of London
Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Christabel, Sylvia, and Adela founded the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in Manchester in 1903, before moving their campaign headquarters to London in 1906.
Flora Drummond
Flora Drummond was a Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) organiser from Manchester, nicknamed The General. She was known for her daring stunts, and attending demonstrations in military style uniform. In 1906 she moved to London, where she was arrested and imprisoned in Holloway nine times. She later worked as a WSPU organiser in Edinburgh.
Agnes Maude Royden
Agnes Maude Royden (known as Maude) was involved with settlement work in Liverpool, and then later in London. She was a member of the NUWSS, and edited the union's newspaper, Common Cause. As a pacifist, Maude left the NUWSS over their support for the First World War. She joined the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, and the Church League for Women's Suffrage. She later campaigned for the ordination of women.
Edith How-Martyn
Edith How-Martyn was a suffragette and birth control campaigner from Middlesex (now part of north west London). She was a co-founder of the Women's Freedom League (WLF). In 1926, she founded the Suffragette Fellowship to document and promote the history of the militant suffrage campaign.
Dora Montefiore was a member of the Women’s Local Government Society and campaigned in Sussex. She later joined the WSPU and the Women's Tax Resistance League.
Catherine Courtauld Osler was President of the Birmingham Women's Suffrage Society. From 1911, she was a member of the executive committee of the NUWSS.
Suffrage procession in Edinburgh (1910)Original Source: LSE Library
Annot Robinson
Born in Montrose, Scotland, Annot Robinson was the first secretary of the Dundee branch of the WSPU. She became a paid organiser for the NUWSS in 1911. Annot was a pacifist during the First World War, and became a full-time organiser for the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF).
Scottish Women's Hospital staff (1915/1918)Original Source: LSE Library
Elsie was also a member of the Women's Liberal Foundation, and founder of the Scottish Women's Hospital.
She trained to be a doctor in Sophia Jex-Blake’s Edinburgh School of Medicine for Women.
Chrystal MacMillan
Chrystal MacMillan was a barrister, peace activist, and internationalist. She was vice-president of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage, and was on the executive committee of the NUWSS. In the 1935 election she stood (unsuccessfully) as the Liberal candidate for Edinburgh North.
Margaret Haig
Margaret Haig Thomas (known as Mrs Humphrey Mackworth during the suffrage years) was secretary of the Newport branch of the WSPU. From 1911 she was president of the Cymric Suffrage Union, and later vice-president of the London Society for Women’s Suffrage. On the death of her father in 1918, Margaret succeeded his title as Viscountess Rhondda. She launched Time and Tide magazine in 1920 and the Six Point Group, a gender equality campaigning group, the following year.
Ireland
Ireland was part of Britain until 1922, and women from both the north and south of Ireland signed the 1866 women’s suffrage petition. The Irish Women's Suffrage Society (IWSS), founded by Louie Bennet, had a policy of constitutional, non-militant, non-party campaigning (like Millicent Fawcett's NUWSS), while the Irish Women's Franchise League (IWFL) had more in common with the militant tactics preferred by the WSPU. However, the issue of Irish nationalism and home rule sparked tensions between English and Irish suffragists, with WSPU leaders like Christabel Pankhurst insisting: "No votes for women, no Home Rule."
Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington
Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington was a suffragist and Irish nationalist, born in County Cork and raised in Dublin. She founded the Irish Women's Franchise League (IWFL). The IWFL used militant tactics, smashing the windows of Dublin's General Post Office, the Custom House, and Dublin Castle. Hanna and her fellow suffragettes were all arrested and imprisoned for 1-6 months.
Charlotte Despard
Charlotte Despard was an Irish social reformer and founding member of the Irish Women's Franchise League. She was a member of the NUWSS, then the WSPU, and later founded the Women's Freedom League, becoming its first president.
Eva Gore-Booth
Irish aristocrat and poet Eva Gore-Booth was in a lesbian relationship with Manchester-based suffragist and trade unionist Esther Roper. She was also the the younger sister of Constance Gore-Booth, later known as the Countess Markievicz, who in turn was the first woman elected to the British House of Commons. However, as an Irish Nationalist, she did not take her seat.
Born in County Cork, Anna Haslam signed the 1866 women's suffrage petition, and went on to play an active part in the suffrage campaign. In 1876, Anna became secretary of the Dublin Women’s Suffrage Society, which used similar methods to the campaigning methods of the suffragists.
Make A Stand exhibition launch by GLA/Caroline TeoOriginal Source: Mayor of London
All around the UK, women joined the suffrage movement to lobby, rally, protest and campaign for the rights we enjoy today.
#BehindEveryGreatCity: celebrating the centenary of the first women winning the right to vote and tackling gender inequality in London www.london.gov.uk/behindeverygreatcity