By Archivo General de la Nación - Mexico
In the history of Mexico there was a period characterized by a set of measures to dissolve opposition movements implemented by the State, which spanned approximately from 1940 to 1990.
Institutions such as the Federal Directorate of Security and the Directorate of Political and Social Research controlled and monitored these independent movements and reported their activities through reports, which allow us to reconstruct the history of this period.
The methods used by the State were directed towards military and political repression, after monitoring the militants of different groups, which led, among other things, to the forced disappearance of many people.
In this context, the relatives of the disappeared, mostly mothers, began a movement to find them, which gained strength in the mid-1970s. Rosario Ibarra de Piedra, in the search for her son Jesus, stood out and became the main spokeswoman.
By 1977, Rosario Ibarra, her comrades in struggle and other activists formed the National Committee for the Defense of Prisoners, Persecuted, Disappeared and Political Exiles of Mexico, known years later as ¡EUREKA!
One of the most relevant actions of Rosario Ibarra's struggle was the hunger strike that she carried out in August 1978 along with other search mothers. This resulted in the release of political prisoners, the repatriation of others and the annulment of court orders.
Despite the victories, the whereabouts of the disappeared were not clarified, so in 1979 the National Front Against Repression was formed and the struggle was extended to the demand for democratic freedoms.
Rosario Ibarra's candidacy raised the struggle for human rights, political and social freedoms and support for the peasants and workers of the country. In addition, independent and progressive movements had significant experience in national politics.
The political program of Rosario's presidential campaign vindicated the call for unity among the most disadvantaged social sectors hit by economic restructuring. The intention was to achieve democratization that would allow justice and freedoms to be established.
Rosario Ibarra's candidacy raised the struggle for human rights, political and social freedoms and support for the peasants and workers of the country. Independent and progressive movements had significant experience in national politics.
The candidacy of Rosario Ibarra meant a democratic advance with the protagonism of a woman who represented mothers of the disappeared and synthesized the aspirations of the most disadvantaged segments by taking advantage of the opportunities of democratic opening.
Among the organizations that supported her was the Lesbian-Homosexual Committee, the result of the political-electoral alliance with the Homosexual Liberation Movement, which denounced homophobia and sexism and fought to end the repression of sexual diversity.
Rosario Ibarra also toured several states of the country as part of her electoral tour and held rallies with the participation of peasant leaders, workers and fighters to clarify the disappearance of activists.
Among the student community there were contingents that placed banners in different institutions, distributed propaganda and organized dialogue tables and promoted attendance at spaces to listen to and support Rosario.
Not all educational institutions or all states gave the same opening to Rosario: the rector of the Autonomous University of Nayarit and the authorities of Nuevo León justified their actions under the pretext of not proselytizing.
Other acts that gained great relevance during their campaigns were their constant visits to the women's prison of Santa Martha Acatitla to support all those detainees who were in political prison.
The election results in 1981 did not favor Rosario, but there were great political lessons for the entire population about democracy and popular unity. Rosario continued the struggle in different ways, but always under the same ideals with which he began.
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