Pilate washing his hands

According to the Gospel of Matthew, after approving the sentence on Christ, Pilate washed his hands before the crowd that demanded the crucifixion of the Accused and spoke the words: 'I am not guilty of the blood of the Righteous One'. With this gesture, he wanted to take the responsibility off his shoulders, which, however, did not change the fact that he handed over the Accused to death. The representative of the mighty Roman Empire withdrew from the fight for a just cause out of conformism underpinned by fear. This behaviour was not in keeping with the dignity of a 'true Roman', whose ethos had endured for centuries in the European tradition. Hendrick ter Brugghen had already learnt about it at school, and his stay in Italy allowed him to see monuments of Roman art that immortalised emperors, chieftains and ordinary citizens portrayed with extraordinary realism. He knew perfectly well what the prefect of Judea might have looked like during a public appearance: clean-shaven, his hair cut short, dressed in a linen toga. He is nothing like the hero of our painting, who is overgrown, his hands are worn out by work, and a turban is on his head. A seventeenth-century Dutchman might have met such characters in person or paintings depicting everyday life in a harbour setting. However, they were not Romans but merchants coming from the East. The painter consciously dressed Pilate in an oriental costume, which had nothing to do with the heroic Roman virtues, but his contemporaries associated him with slyness, cunning, calculation and a 'casual' approach to the truth.