Discover Vietnam’s Ethnicities - NORTHERN VIETNAM III

Part 3 of our 4-part series

The Xinh Mun by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

Take a deeper look at what national identity means by learning about the 54 diverse ethnic minority groups currently living in Northern Vietnam. 

The Lu by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The Precious Heritage Project

Over the course of nearly a decade, the French photographer Réhahn researched and photo-documented all 54 official ethnic minorities in Vietnam,  with the hope of increasing the public’s understanding of tribal culture in the country.

The final collection of full-color portraits of tribal members in their traditional garments, alongside artifacts, heritage crafts, and stories is on display in the Precious Heritage Museum in Hoi An, Vietnam. 

The Giay by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

Virtual Exhibit

In this virtual exhibit, you’ll have the opportunity to discover the Xinh Mun, Thuy, Ngai, San Dieuy, Xa Phang, Giay, Nung, Lao, & Lu ethnic groups. 

There are at least 33 known ethnicities living within Northern Vietnam's towering mountains and lush rice paddies. Many tribes also are connected to subgroups that share similarities in language and culture. 

The Xinh Mun by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The Xinh Mun

The Xinh Mun tribe is culturally similar to the larger Thai ethnic group, though they speak a language that is unique to their tribe.

The Xinh Mun by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

Their village, on the border of Laos, is tucked into the jungle. They build their homes on stilts set into the dense greenery of the hills.

ThuyPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The Thuy

A subgroup of the  Water H'Mong in China, the Thuy were given their name as a reference to the Vietnamese word for water.  At present, they are still undocumented in the official list of the 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam.

ThuyPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The 90-year-old Shaman pictured in this photograph can only speak Thuy, not Vietnamese. It was the first time he'd had a chance to wear his tribe's traditional dress. In 2008, the government recreated the ensemble again from the memories of the oldest Thuy woman.

The Ngai by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The Ngai

The Ngai's culture is changing rapidly. Younger generations no longer speak the Chinese-based language and their ancestral homes are being replaced with modern houses.

The Ngai by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

There are only 1000 Ngai left in Vietnam with very few still able to make their traditional garments.

The San Diu by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The San Diu

The San Diu tribe is known for their music called "Soong Co," which they sing at ethnic festivals.

The San Diu by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

Their traditional garments are rarely worn now (except for during performances) but San Diu villagers are still proud to own heritage textiles.

The Hoa by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The Xa Phang

The Xa Phang are a subgroup of the Hoa tribe. Part of the Chinese diaspora, Cantonese is still their native tongue.

The Hoa by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

They wear their traditional dress and handmade shoes daily to work in the fields in an isolated area of the Dien Bien province.

The Giay by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The Giay

The Giay immigrated from China to settle in Northern Vietnam more than 200 years ago.

The Giay by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The tribe's original traditional garments were quite somber with all black cotton and few embellishments. Newer ensembles include the color blue and synthetic fabrics.

The Nung by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The Nung

The Nung women traditionally wear 12 different colored trousers to match each month of the year.

The Nung by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The Nung Song
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Their traditional clothing has a subtly embellished jacket with silver buttons and embroidery. They wear silver for its health benefits, claiming it can be a measure of ill health.

The Lao by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The Lao

Lao elders still weave and embroider delicate brocade by hand for their traditional garments but younger generations prefer to buy their tribal wear in Laos.

The Lao by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

Women smoke pipes regularly, yet, there are an incredible amount of women in the Lao village over the age of 100!

The Lu by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

The Lu

The Lu live in the Lai Chau area of Vietnam in a beautifully preserved village with their traditional stilt houses still intact.

The Lu by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

Many households still make their ethnic clothing with traditional methods, passing down the skills to younger generations.

The Black Lo Lo by RéhahnPrecious Heritage Art Gallery Museum

Learn More

Read more about The Precious Heritage Project and Vietnam's ethnic groups in the article "Discover Vietnam's 54+ Ethnicities - Part 4."

Credits: Story

Text by Réhahn with Molly Headley 

Credits: All media
The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.
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