How is a violin made?

String instruments from Füssen

Wood storage in the Chaubert violin workshop. (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Nicolas Kyriakou and Christian Garrick play an improvisation in D minor Part 1
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Tonal treasures

Making a violin starts with selecting the right wood: slow-growing spruce wood is particularly well-suited to the case. The sides and back are made of hard maple wood. Tone wood is a violin maker's greatest treasure, even though they only need a small amount of material.

A mirrored pair of split boards with drawn violin outline (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Symmetry

The halves of the top plate are split out of a spruce trunk and joined together in mirrored pairs. The outline of the violin is drawn on the inside and then sawn out. The mirrored design results in a symmetrical arrangement of the annular rings.

Shaping the cello top (2021) by Gabriel ReinholdOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Cutting off a cello top plate

A cello is made similarly to a violin. Füssen violin maker Gabriel Reinhold shows how he roughly shapes the arched top plate of the cello using a chisel.

Carving the F-hole (2021) by Gabriel ReinholdOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Representative for centuries

All violin instruments have similar sound holes in the soundboard, which are called F-holes because of their shape. Elegantly carving out the F-holes can take hours.

Shaping the violin back (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Hollowing out a violin base

Füssen violin maker Eric Chaubert carves out the inside of the violin base using a chisel.

Tool for measuring the thickness of the wood (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Precision work

The base of a violin should be thin and light. Measuring devices help to achieve the optimum thickness in various areas.

Smallest plane in the violin workshop Chaubert (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

The smallest

Different planes are used to create a really smooth surface; this is the smallest one. The three-layer inlays are clearly visible on the violin's top plate. These are not just for decoration: they also protect the edge of the violin from cracks and bumps.

Smoothing and planing the cello top with a scraper (2021) by Gabriel ReinholdOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

The top plate of a cello is smoothed

A scraper is used to remove even the smallest imperfections. Gabriel Reinhold uses it so smooth the surface of his cello's top plate.

Smoothing and planing the violin curvature with a scraper (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

The inside of the violin's top plate is smoothed

Any remaining imperfections are smoothed out using the sharp scraper. A great deal of dexterity is required.

Shaping the violin ribs with the bending iron, Eric Chaubert, 2021, Original Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen
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Cello form with ribs, Gabriel Reinhold, 2021, Original Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen
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To create the rib cage, strips of sycamore maple are dampened, and a heated bending iron is used to shape them. The curved ribs are then glue to the blocks using a template.

Ribs of a violin, Eric Chaubert, 2021, Original Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen
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View into the violin with bridge, sound post and linings, Eric Chaubert, 2021, Original Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen
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View into the violin, Eric Chaubert, 2021, Original Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen
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To ensure that the base and top plate can easily be glued to the rib cage, the narrow ribcage's surface is expanded before gluing using a lining.

View of violin with bass bar and bridge (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Nicolas Kyriakou and Christian Garrick play an improvisation in D minor Part 2
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The sound of a violin

How does a violin make music? A violin maker doesn't just need to be an excellent craftsperson, they also need to understand sound and how it is produced. The violin's bow makes the strings and the bridge they are stretched over vibrate. These vibrations are distributed over the violin's top plate via the bass bar, which is attached to the underside of the top plate. The sound post, which is loosely glued under the bridge, also sends vibrations to the base of the violin. The created sounds then escape through the F-holes.

Hardwood block with drawn outline of violin neck (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

The neck

The neck and peg box are sawn and carved out of a piece of sycamore wood.

Sawed violin neck with finished carved scroll (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

A Baroque relic

The Baroque snail shape at the end of the peg box is typical for violins.

Violin neck with ebony fingerboard (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Hard wood

The fingerboard is traditionally made of hard ebony from the tropics. There are also innovative techniques used for thickening wood so that thickened spruce wood can also be used for creating fingerboards.

Tools for carving the scroll (2021) by Gabriel ReinholdOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Artisanal craft

A violin maker uses so many tools for just one step of the process: carving the snail on the peg box

Plane and chips on the workbench (2021) by Eric ChaubertOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Firewood

Leftover wood shavings and scraps are useful for heating the workshop during the cold times of year.

Varnished violin scroll, Eric Chaubert, 2021, Original Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen
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Varnished violin back, Eric Chaubert, 2021, Original Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen
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The violin is then varnished using a varnish made of oils, resins and color powders. Several layers are applied before the violin is sanded again. It can take up to 24 hours for just one layer to dry.

Violins ready to sell, Gabriel Reinhold, 2021, Original Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen
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Violin clamped for planing, Eric Chaubert, 2021, Original Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen
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Pierre Chaubert's workbench in the Chaubert violin workshop, Pierre Chaubert, 2021, Original Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen
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After varnishing, the violin is finished by attaching the sound post, bridge, pegs, tailpiece and strings. The new violin is now ready to be received by its new owner.

Chippings in front of the measuring tool (2021) by Gabriel ReinholdOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Nicolas Kyriakou and Christian Garrick play "Der Fuggerin Tanz" by Melchior Neudsiedler
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Vielsaitig festival

Violin makers from the region of Füssen and its Italian twin city Cremona come to the Museum of Füssen every summer to show off their skills Meeting point Violin making at the festival vielsaitig

Chippings on the workbench (2021) by Gabriel ReinholdOriginal Source: Museum der Stadt Füssen

Credits: Story

Text and editing: Lisa Sophie Scholl and Dr. Anton Englert, Museum of Füssen 
Photos: Museum of Füssen, Lisa Sophie Scholl
Videos: Museum of Füssen, Lisa Sophie Scholl 
Audio: Nicolas Kyriakou and Christian Garrick
Geigenbauer: Eric Chaubert, Gabriel Reinhold

Source: Josef Focht, Klaus Martius, Thomas Riedmiller: Füssener Lauten- und Geigenbau europaweit [Füssen Lute and Violin Making Throughout Europe], Friedrich Hofmeister Musikverlag, Leipzig 2017.

Credits: All media
The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.
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