Museu Catavento
VOICES OF INDEPENDENCE
The Independence of Brazil was not an isolated event that occurred on the banks of the Ipiranga river, on September 7, 1822. It was the result of a long historical process.
And it was not peaceful!
Dom Pedro I
He was born in Portugal, in 1798. When he was only nine years old, he left Portugal with the Royal Family for Rio de Janeiro. And, at the age of 22, his father Dom João VI returned to Portugal, leaving him as Prince Regent of Brazil.
The First Emperor of Brazil
Proclaimed Emperor, Pedro I still had to subdue the provinces loyal to Lisbon and the republican separatists. After 3 years, Portugal accepted the independence. After a 9-year reign, in 1831, he abdicated the throne to his son, Dom Pedro II, who was only 5 years old.
Leopoldina
Leopoldina of Habsburg-Lorraine was born in Austria in 1797 and belonged to one of the oldest and most powerful dynasties in Europe. From an early age, she showed an inclination for the natural sciences and spoke 6 languages, including Portuguese.
The Empress of Brazil
Leopoldina played an important role in the process for Independence, as she acted directly with the future Emperor D. Pedro to follow the path of rupture with Portugal.
The Princess and Politics
The princess presided over the meeting that defined the independence. The letter sent after this meeting caused Pedro to declare independence on September 7, 1822, making Leopoldina the Empress of Brazil.
Tiradentes
Joaquim José da Silva Xavier was born in Minas Gerais in 1746. At the age of 11 he was placed under the guardianship of his godfather, who was a surgeon. He worked on several fronts, but also dedicated himself to pharmaceutical practices and the profession of dentistry, which earned him the nickname Tiradentes (teeth remover).
A National Hero
With the decline in mining, the population was unable to pay the high taxes to Portugal. Tiradentes then began to preach in Vila Rica in favor of the Independence of Brazil, together with the other revolutionaries. However, they were denounced before it turned into a revolution.
Dom João VI
Dom João VI was born in Lisbon, in 1767. He was one of the key figures in the arrival of the Royal Family to Brazil in 1808, which brought about structural changes in the institutions, commerce, and political activity of Colonial Brazil.
The king of two worlds
With the changes and the elevation of Brazil from colony to kingdom united to Portugal, Lisbon demanded the return of Brazil to the status of colony and the immediate return of the Royal Family to Portugal. D. João responded to Portuguese pressure by leaving his son, D. Pedro, in Brazil.
Bárbara Alencar
He was born in 1760, in Pernambuco. She transformed her house, in Crato (Ceará), into a meeting place for intellectuals and politicians. Together with her three sons, she participated in the republican conspiracy of 1817.
The first revolutionary arrested in Brazil
Identified as a liberal, agitator, and conspirator, at age 57 she was imprisoned for three years. She participated in the 1824 Confederation of the Equator, a separatist movement that was suppressed by imperial troops. Her political importance was only recognized almost 200 years after her death.
Cipriano Barata
Born in Salvador (1762), he was a politician and journalist. At the University of Coimbra he graduated in surgery, philosophy and mathematics. In Brazil, he participated in social and political movements such as the Bahia Conjuration (1798), the Pernambuco Revolution (1817), and the Confederation of the Equator (1824).
The Agitator
With a reputation as an agitator, his fight in freedom movements earned him many years in prison. As a deputy, he represented Bahia in Portugal and defended Brazil's independence. In Lisbon, he circulated wearing clothes made of Brazilian cotton, demonstrating his repudiation of foreignism.
Friar Caneca
A native of Recife, Joaquim do Amor Divino Rabelo was ordained a friar by the Carmo Convent and took the surname Caneca in honor of his father. Frei Caneca was a philosopher, journalist and teacher. As chaplain during the Pernambuco Revolution of 1817, he was imprisoned for almost 4 years.
The revolutionary friar
Identified as a liberal, agitator, and conspirator, at age 57 she was imprisoned for three years. She participated in the 1824 Confederation of the Equator, a separatist movement that was suppressed by imperial troops. Her political importance was only recognized almost 200 years after her death.
Maria Felipa
A strong black woman, the Bahian Maria Felipa de Oliveira learned how to defend herself by fighting capoeira. She led a group that guarded the beach to prevent the Portuguese from arriving by sea and organized the shipment of food to those who fought against Portuguese domination.
The Heroine from Bahia
In 1823, as Portuguese vessels were waiting to invade Salvador, Maria Felipa was crucial to the defeat of the Portuguese. Leading a group of approximately 40 women, they beat the Portuguese with branches of cansanção and set fire to their boats on the coast of Itaparica.
Maria Quitéria
Born in Bahia, she showed interest in hunting and riding from an early age. Fearless, she joined the military regiment wearing men's clothing and identity in order to face the Portuguese in the War of Independence.
The first woman in the Brazilian Army
When her identity was revealed, she was allowed to continue in the army using her real name. Maria Quitéria added a skirt to her uniform and went on with the battalion in various combats, participating in the defense of strategic points and trenches.
Joana Angélica
From a wealthy family, the Bahian Joana Angélica de Jesus received an excellent education and at the age of 20 entered the Order of Saint Clare. In 1821, the year that João VI returned to Portugal, she became the Abbess of the Convent Nossa Senhora da Conceição, in Lapa.
The martyr of the Independence
During the fierce dispute between the Portuguese-born and the Brazilian-born, Portuguese soldiers invade the convent in Lapa. However, their entrance is blocked by Joana Angélica, to protect the convent and the other nuns. She ended up being killed with bayonet blows.
Domitila de Castro
Born in São Paulo (1797), Domitila was descended from Portuguese nobility. She had a 7-year relationship with D. Pedro I. In 1823, she went to the court in Rio de Janeiro, being named Chambermaid of Empress Leopoldina. Later, in 1826, she received the title of Marchioness of Santos.
The Marchioness of Santos
Domitila broke the standards that were expected of a woman of her time, shocking society. But by showing her strength, she became respected.
She died at the age of 70, at the " Manor House of the Marchioness". Her funeral was followed by the São Paulo cultural, economic and political elite.
The Marchioness of Santos Manor in São Paulo
Domitila was present at several important moments in Brazil: she collaborated in the Cisplatina and Paraguayan Wars, helped found the headquarters of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia, and supported the students of the Law School. She lived for 24 years with her husband Tobias de Aguiar.
Thomas Cochrane
He was born in Great Britain in 1775. Nicknamed "The Sea Wolf," he had a life filled with adventure. Cochrane was a British naval officer and war hero. He fought in the Napoleonic Wars and was engaged in the Wars of Independence of Chile, Peru, Brazil, and Greece.
The Scottish warrior who fought for the Independence
After Brazil's declaration of Independence, at the request of the Emperor, he took on the rank of First Admiral. With the purpose of expelling the Portuguese troops that still occupied the Brazilian territory, he also fought in the Confederation of the Equator.
José Bonifácio
The "Patriarch of Independence" was born in Santos, in 1763. He studied law, natural philosophy, chemistry, and mathematics. He was one of the supporters of Dom Pedro I's permanence in Brazil, a decisive fact in the process of Independence.
The Patriarch of Independence
He took part in the Council of State on September 2, 1822, where he wrote, together with Leopoldina, the letter sent to Pedro I that started the official break between Portugal and Brazil, besides several other political articulations that consolidated our independence.
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