Realists vs Insurgents Cartoon

After gaining independence, Mexico faced a series of difficulties in structuring a political, economic, and social system and this was primarily due to the constant internal power struggles. These factors would serve as a breeding ground for the creation of political and satirical cartoons in the press.

One particular example is of Agustín de Iturbide. In the history of Mexico he is one of the most important and controversial figures, since on the one hand, he fought the insurgents on the side of the realists, and on the other, was instrumental for the consummation of independence in 1821. Realists would consider him a traitor, since he ripped the Empire from the hands of the Spanish monarchy.

In this caricature, Iturbide is shown unsheathing his sword to fight the realists, who wanted to maintain dominion over New Spain.

A cherub crowns him Emperor Agustín I, as he was proclaimed in the Mexican Empire.

Meanwhile, an eagle, which symbolizes the new Mexican nation, is devouring a lion that represents the Spanish crown.

In the background we see a man kneeling, clutching a rosary in his hands, while Iturbide protects him.

What is interesting about this handmade drawing is the intent with which it was made, while the author and its true purpose remain shrouded in mystery, it could be interpreted as an homage to Agustín I, the first emperor of the Mexican Empire. It is curious how it Don José Aza, who was a spy for the Spanish crown, ended up owning it.