Noble Hall. (1938)Museu da República
"The Gods of Olympus"
The painting on the ceiling of the Great Hall represents the Gods of Olympus. The original work was damaged by infiltration, being replaced in 1938 by this one, by Armando Vianna, in a different style of the previous one.
Noble Hall.Museu da República
Alluding to the use of the Salão Nobre at balls and gala receptions, the frieze panels present sixteen scenes from the life of Apollo, a Greco-Roman deity linked to beauty and music.
The Apollonian theme sets the tone for the room, from the paintings on the walls to the floor, decorated with lyres, symbol of the god of music and poetry.
Noble Hall.Museu da República
The scenes from the life of Apollo were painted on the frieze of the Main Hall while the Palace was being built in the 1860s. All are mostly inspired by the epic poem “Metamorphoses” by Ovid, which appeared in the 1st century AD. Below, see the description of each of them.
Noble Hall. Daphne transformed into laurel by PeneioMuseu da República
Daphne transformed into laurel by Peneio
To escape Apollo's harassment, Daphne pleads for help from her father, the river god Peneio, who transforms her into a laurel tree. Because of this, this tree came to be consecrated to Apollo.
Noble Hall. Apollo punishes the nymph TelfusaMuseu da República
Apollo punishes the nymph Telfusa
Apollo punishes Telfusa for deceiving him and forcing him to face Python in Delphi, where he had gone at the suggestion of the nymph.
Noble Hall. Apollo murders the CyclopesMuseu da República
Apollo murders the Cyclopes
Apollo kills the Cyclopes, who forged the beam that Jupiter, his father, used to kill his son, Aesculapius.
Noble Hall. Apollo and HyacinthMuseu da República
Apollo and Hyacinth
One of Apollo's passions was Jacinto. Zephyrus, the god of the west wind, jealous that he also loved the young mortal, deflected a disc thrown by Apollo in order to kill the boy. Dismayed, Apollo turned the blood of his beloved into a flower, the hyacinth.'
Noble Hall. Diana and Apollo kill the children of NiobeMuseu da República
Diana and Apollo kill the children of Niobe
After the mortal Niobe provokes Leto, mother of Apollo and Diana, for having produced more children than a goddess, the two brothers kill almost all of her children, leaving only two.
Noble Hall. Fight between Hercules and Apollo, separated by the ray of JupiterMuseu da República
Fight between Hercules and Apollo, separated by the beam of Jupiter
Hercules sought the oracle of Delphi to cleanse himself from the death of Iphitus, but the temple priestess didn't answer him. Revolted, the demigod tried to destroy the temple of Apollo, who stopped him until they were separated by Jupiter's thunderbolt.”
Noble Hall. Apollo and the Muses Clio and UraniaMuseu da República
Apollo and the Muses Clio and Urania
The nine muses were part of Apollo's entourage. Some of them, like Talia, Calliope and Urania, even had children of the god.
Noble Hall. Apollo shepherdMuseu da República
Apollo, the shepherd
There are several legends in which Apollo serves as a shepherd. In one of them, Apollo, after killing the Cyclopes, is forced by Jupiter to be a mortal's slave for a year. He then became shepherd of King Admetus, causing his flock to multiply under his guard.
Noble Hall. One of Apollo's belovedsMuseu da República
One of Apollo's beloveds
One of Apollo's lovers. Not identified.
Noble Hall. Apollo, Paris and AchillesMuseu da República
Apollo, Paris and Achilles
Apollo guides the arrow of Paris that killed Achilles when it hit his heel during the Trojan War.
Noble Hall. Musical dispute between Apollo and Pan. Midas to the left.Museu da República
Musical dispute between Apollo and Pan, judged by Midas
Representation of the musical dispute between Apollo (center) and Pan (right). In this scene, Midas (left) receives an ass's ears, as a punishment from Apollo, for having judged the melody of Pan more beautiful than that of the god of music.
Noble Hall. Apollo changes the color of the crow after killing CoronisMuseu da República
Apollo changes the color of the crow after killing Coronis
Apollo murdered his wife Coronis for her infidelity and delivered their son Aesculapius. He transformed the raven that the god himself had designated to watch over his beloved for not having impeded her relationship with another.
Noble Hall. Apollo kills the giant TitiusMuseu da República
Apollo kills the giant Titius
To defend their Mother, Leto, from the attack of the giant Titius, Apollo and Diana killed the giant with arrows.
Noble Hall. Apollo in the construction of the walls of the city of TróiaMuseu da República
Apollo in the construction of the walls of the city of Troy
Apollo served the king of Troy as punishment for conspiring against Jupiter and was one of those in charge of building the walls of that city.”
Noble Hall. Apollo kills PythonMuseu da República
Apollo kills Python
While looking for a place to establish his cult, Apollo arrived at Delphi, where he faced Python, a monstrous serpent. After defeating her, he established the Oracle of Delphi there and created the Pythian Games.”
Noble Hall. Apollo and one of his loved ones.Museu da República
Apollo and one of his loved ones.
Apollo and one of his loved ones, possibly Estilbe, another daughter of the river god Peneio.”
In addition to the anonymous artist of the Palácio do Catete, the Life of Apolo has inspired many other Western painters, draftsmen and sculptors over the centuries. Above, we see some examples of how the theme was represented by different artists.
Museu da República /IBRAM/SECULT
Director - Mario Chagas
Technical Coordination - Livia M. N. Gonçalves
Communication Sector - Henrique Milen
Texts: Marcus Macri and Paulo Celso Liberato Corrêa
Montage: Paulo Celso Liberato Corrêa
Bibliography:
BUSTAMANTE, Regina Maria da Cunha. Projeto Lunetas: uma aproximação da antiguidade Clássica. In. II Simpósio do LARP – Atualizando o passado romano: Pesquisa, Educação e as Humanidades Digitais, São Paulo, 2018. Acesso em 22/11/2021.
GRIMAL, Pierre. Diccionario de mitología griega y romana. 6ª edição. Barcelona: Paidos, 1989.
MUSEU DA REPÚBLICA. O Olimpo é Aqui [exposição]. 2016. Disponível em Exposição: O Olimpo é aqui – 2016/2017 – Museu da República (museus.gov.br). Acesso em 04/11/2021.
RODRIGUES, Marcus Vinícius Macri. "Um palácio quase romano: o Palácio do Catete e a invenção de uma tradição clássica nos trópicos". Rio de Janeiro: Museu da República, 2017.