3D rendering of Taqi al-Din's 16th-century six-cylinder pump

Sixteenth-century Ottoman scientist and engineer Taqi al-Din harnessed surging river water in his designs for an advanced six-cylinder pump, publishing his ideas in a book called 'The Sublime Methods of Spiritual Machine'.

The pistons of the pump were similar to drop hammers, and they could have been used to either create wood pulp for paper or to beat long strips of metal in a single pass.