This is a study for the portrait Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, on Horseback, now in the Uffizi. Van Dyck’s fluid handling, particularly evident in the horse’s airy mane, imbues the image with spontaneity and vigour. Assistants in van Dyck’s workshop would have used this sketch when working on other compositions; this perhaps explains the fragmented state of the paper. Furthermore, when Bourgeois acquired this sketch he attempted to restore it by filling the gaps, such as the horse’s lower legs.