Arhats (luohans) Gathering in Clouds

明朝仇紏繪羅漢眾仙牶海圖扇梞港箋紙水墨
During the 1500s, colorful paintings in the fan format were immensely popular among the wealthy and sophisticated population of Suzhou in southeastern China. These fans, when folded up, could be carried in the long, loose sleeves of gowns worn by both men and women, and casually displayed at the desired moment. Due to this casual use, such fans were prone to damage and loss; yet many have survived, suggesting the tremendous numbers that must have been created. Works by the professional artist Qiu Ying were among the most sought-after decorative paintings of the time, and the ownership of a fan by him was a symbol of wealth and sophistication. In response to this heavy demand, Qiu's workshop produced fans in tremendous numbers. Works in the same style, often with a forged Qiu Ying signature or seal, have continued to be produced to this day. Befitting their purpose, "Qiu Ying" fans are brightly colored and often painted on gold-covered paper. They frequently portray popular themes such as images of Taoist divinities, symbols of good fortune, figures from popular literature, and scholars in various settings.