These earrings were presented to the Museum by Carlo and Arthur Giuliano, the sons of the maker. Carlo Giuliano, a Neapolitan by birth, worked for the great Castellani firm in Italy before moving to London in about 1860. His early work in London closely resembles Castellani's productions in the classical manner. He later evolved a distinctive style of his own, using stones and enamel to create rich polychromatic effects. Carlo Giuliano's first mark, 'CG' in monogram, was based on the monogram of the Castellani firm.