Bishop’s ring, noon

Study of a lighting effect caused by atmospheric dust and gases ejected by the 1883 volcanic eruption on the island of Krakatoa (Krakatau, Indonesia). The Bishop’s Ring effect, of a diffuse halo around the solar disc, was named after its first observer, Sereno Edwards Bishop (1827-1909). Plate 2 from the book Untersuchungen uber Dämmerungserscheinungen zur Erklarung der nach dem Krakatau-ausbruch beobachteten atmospharisch-optischen Storung, by J. Kiessling (Hamburg, Leopold Voss, 1888). The plate is inscribed above: ‘Kiessling, Dämmerung-Untersuchungen. Taf. II.’ Inscribed below: ‘DER BISHOP’SCHE RING. (MITTAG.) [The Bishop’s Ring, Noon]. Pechuel-Loesche. Nach einer Vorlage von Busch. Chromolithographie von Leo Kempner & Co. in Hamburg. Verlag von Leopold Voss in Hamburg (und Leipzig).’ Karl Johann Kiessling (1839-1905) German physicist, replicated twilight glow phenomena in the laboratory.