Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, village of Purekh, E. O. Klyukov Factory, 1890s. Near the lower edge is the impressed inscription: “Gift of Valdai No.1”. Purekh bells appeared in the 1860s and by the end of the 19th century, the village of Purekh had become the center of coach bell production in Russia. Specific features include fancy prints and mandatory numbering.