Description of European sarmatia, which encompassed the Kingdom of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia, Russia, Masovia, Prussia, Pomerania, Livonia, Muscovy, and partly the Tartars.

Full title: "Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio, quae Regnum Poloniae, Lituaniam, Samogitiam, Russiam, Masoviam, Prussiam, Pomeraniam, Livoniam, & Moschoviae, Tartariae partem complectitur."

Italian chronicler Alessandro Guagnini (1538–1614) spent a long time in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and gained citizenship. To prepare his Description of European Sarmatia, he mostly used the chronicle of Maciej Stryjkowski (1547–1593), historian of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The work presents descriptions of Poland, Lithuania, Prussia, Livonia, and Russia, as well as the Tartar Hordes. In the part dedicated to Lithuania, the author discusses Lithuanian religion, customs, everyday life, provides the genealogy of the Grand Dukes and noble families as well as the legend of Palemonas. The book was first published in Krakow in 1578. It has many wooden engravings with portraits of the Grand Dukes and is dedicated to the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Stephen Báthory.