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Digital recreation of Florence Nightingale's 'coxcomb' diagram on mortality in the army

Florence Nightingale1856

Leeds Museums & Galleries

Leeds Museums & Galleries
United Kingdom

After the disasters of the Crimean war, Florence Nightingale returned to become a passionate campaigner for improvements in the health of the British army.

She developed the visual presentation of information, including the pie chart, first developed by William Playfair in 1801. Nightingale also used statistical graphics in reports to Parliament, realising this was the most effective way of bringing data to life.

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Leeds Museums & Galleries

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