Flavius Josephus, Rufinus Aquileiensis: De bello Iudaico Flavius Josephus, Rufinus Aquileiensis: De bello Iudaico

The leaf with a picture of a ruler is a later addition to the manuscript with the ‚History of the Jewish War‘ by the Roman historian Flavius Josephus. Originally, it was probably part of a liturgical manuscript. The double-page miniature shows signs of intensive use.

From the left, four female figures are approaching in a humble pose. In cornucopias and bowls, they bear gifts for a youthful ruler. Faded inscriptions above their heads identify the women as the provinces Sclavania, Gallia, Germania and Italia.

An inscription in the burnished gold behind the throne is barely visible. It labels the dark-haired and beardless ruler as Henry II. Originally, the name was given as Otto. Thus, the miniature must have been painted before the death of emperor Otto III in January 1002.