Galaxy Cluster Abell 370

This galaxy cluster, called Abell 370, contains an astounding assortment of several hundred galaxies tied together by the mutual pull of gravity.

Imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in visible and near-infrared light, the immense cluster is a rich mix of galaxy shapes. The brightest and largest galaxies in the cluster are the yellow-white, massive, elliptical galaxies containing many hundreds of billions of stars each. Spiral galaxies — like our Milky Way — have younger populations of stars and are bluish.

Entangled among the galaxies are mysterious-looking arcs of light. These are actually distorted images of remote galaxies behind the cluster. These far-flung galaxies are too faint for Hubble to see directly. Instead, the cluster acts as a huge lens in space that magnifies and stretches images of background galaxies like a funhouse mirror. The massive gravitational field of the foreground cluster produces this phenomenon. The collective gravity of all the stars and other matter within the cluster warps space and affects light traveling through the cluster toward Earth.

Nearly a hundred distant galaxies are magnified by this lensing effect. The most stunning example is "the Dragon" in the lower left, an extended feature that is probably several duplicated images of a single background spiral galaxy stretched along an arc.

Abell 370 is located approximately 4 billion light-years away in the constellation Cetus, the Sea Monster. It was the last of six galaxy clusters imaged as part of the Frontier Fields project. This ambitious collaboration among NASA's Great Observatories and other telescopes harnessed the power of massive galaxy clusters and probed the earliest stages of galaxy development. The program reveals galaxies that are 10 to 100 times fainter than any previously observed.