When American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) representative Boris Bogen initially visited Poland in early 1919, he encountered Jews in the direst of circumstances: homeless, starving, in fear for their lives. Hoping to bring them succor, a special JDC commission followed on his heels with an overseas visit, fanning out into different regions and provinces of Poland. On Dr. Bogen's recommendation, JDC mobilized a volunteer cadre of American Jewish professionals compelled by a powerful sense of responsibility to their brethren. In January 1920, JDC's Overseas Unit Number 1 left to join Bogen in Warsaw in order to conduct a massive relief effort across Eastern Europe