Brother of Charles Kemble and Sarah Siddons, John Philip Kemble (1757–1823) was one of the most celebrated actors of his time. In 1783, he made his London debut as Hamlet and excelled in tragic Shakespearean roles, including Macbeth, Richard III and Coriolanus. He became the actor-manager of Drury Lane Theatre in 1788, before leaving to manage Covent Garden Theatre in 1796.
This portrait was commissioned in 1798 by Noel Desenfans, co-founder of Dulwich Picture Gallery. Kemble was a friend of Desenfans and Sir Francis Bourgeois, and is often credited as having suggested Dulwich College as a home for their collection.