King Ludwig I succeeded his late father, Maximilian I Joseph, in 1825. In the first years of government Ludwig I stood for liberal policies. The strict restorative guidelines of the German Confederation, e.g., the censorship policy, were often not observed in the Kingdom of Bavaria. Bavarian politics changed radically under the influence of the July Revolution of 1830 and the Hambach Festival of 1832. Ludwig I now increasingly moved in a reactionary direction. In 1848, in connection with an affair with the dancer Lola Montez, Ludwig I abdicated in favor of his son Maximilian.
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