Native American prisoner halter

The colonizing of North America during the seventeenth century and the exponential growth during the eighteenth-century created nearly constant tension and conflict between Europeans and Native Americans. The violence led to an increased practice of “mourning war,” or a method in which Native American communities grieved by the adoption and assimilation of captives. One French colonial officer remarked on the Iroquois, “They rarely kill those who can be taken prisoner, because the honor and advantage of victory lie in bringing prisoners back to the village.”

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