Nava means nine, and graha means planet. The seven classical planets (Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn) plus Rahu (Head of the Serpent) and Ketu (Tail of the Serpent) are called the navagraha (nine planets). This work was drawn by coating handmade bamboo paper with charcoal, black cinnabar, and ivory black and using a piece of sharp, pointed metal to scratch away the drawing.