Gabriel de Luetz d’Aramont was a highly skilled diplomat, but also an unscrupulous and violent man of arms, employed by Francis I of France on numerous missions in Turkey. He commissioned his portrait from Titian probably in 1541-1542, during the longest of his stays in Venice. X-ray analysis of the painting has revealed to us that the portrait had a tormented genesis: Titian spent a lot of time on the formal layout of the portrait, as shown by the two previous versions that emerged from the analysis. The psychological insight typical of the artist’s other portraits is not particularly strong here, but the pictorial quality, the refined colour choices and the play of light on the background and on the face is remarkable.