Rafael Lozano-Hemmer: Pulse Topology (installation view)

In place of incandescent bulbs which have been used in Lozano-Hemmer’s previous works, Pulse Topology is powered by LED filament light bulbs. Decreasing the energy required to power the installation has allowed Lozano-Hemmer to significantly increase the scale of the project: while previous installations have included 100–300 lightbulbs, Pulse Topology uses 3,000.