Sicily’s earliest surviving map

Confusing and inaccurate, this map of Sicily accompanied a text based on the earlier travel accounts of Ibn Hawqal, an Arab traveller. The city of Palermo, represented by its gated walls and the two castles guarding its harbour, takes up most of the island. Furthermore, the entire southern coastline between Sciacca and Syracuse is missing, so that Mount Etna and its surrounding cities are shown in the south-west of the island.